FCRG lead – Dr Ross Bartels – has published in a new, two-study paper entitled “Public Stigmatizing Reactions Toward Nonoffending Pedophilic Individuals Seeking to Relieve Sexual Arousal” in the Journal of Sex Research. The first study showed that the use of the nonsexual pictures and sex dolls to relive sexual arousal led to more stigmatising responses in the public than did the use of the testosterone-lowering medication. The results of Study 2 indicated that stigmatization was driven by disapproving the use of child stimuli rather than the relief of sexual arousal in general.
Dr Tochukwu Onwuegbusi and Prof Todd Hogue, along with other Lincoln and ex-Lincoln colleagues, were listed among the authors and organisations that contributed to published review (April 2023) on ‘High Stakes: Gambling Reform for the Digital Age by the Department for Culture, Media & Sport.’ This is a Government White Paper and is set to change regulation.
Ross has had a new paper published (with colleagues from other institutions) entitled “Exploring the stigmatisation of offending and non-offending paedophiles: A terror management approach” in the Journal of Criminal Psychology.
The study examined whether the stigma towards paedophilic individuals is related to negative associations regarding severe mental illness and extreme violence, and used a Terror Management Theory (TMT) approach to provide insights into why paedophilia is so highly stigmatised. The results showed that judgements were harsher in the offending conditions than the non-offending conditions, and also indicated that the stigmatisation of paedophilic individuals may be mediated by terror management processes.
In January 2023, FCRG deputy, Dr Lauren Smith, published an invited article entitled “The role of probation in supporting people who have experienced gambling and crime-related harms” for a special issue of Probation Quarterly.
Lauren provides a summary of key findings from a report published by The Howard League entitled ‘”Surviving, not living”: The lived experiences of crime and gambling’ (Smith, 2022), which involved semi-structured interviews with 22 people, 18 of whom were people who had committed crime as a result of gambling. Key areas uncovered include the need to ask specific gambling-related question pre-sentence, highlighting an disordered gambling in pre-sentence reports, and improved training for probation staff.
If you wish to read the article, you can download it here.
Smith, L. (2021). The role of probation in supporting people who have experienced gambling and crime-related harms. Probation Quarterly, 26, 45-49. https://doi.org/10.54006/QPRS9599
The British Board of Film Classification has published their work on non-photographic images of child sexual abuse, which includes a commissioned report by FCRG member Dr Hannah Merdian and the onlinePROTECT team.
The work has been endorsed by the Internet Watch Foundation, Barnardo’s, Childnet, and NSPCC.
In November 2022, FCRG Deputy, Lauren Smith (lead author) and colleagues published a new paper entitled “Gambling and crime: An exploration of gambling availability and culture in an English prison” in Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health journal.
In this study, 282 male volunteers in a Category B male prison in England completed a questionnaire which included the Problem Gambling Severity Index (PGSI). The findings add to existing literature by identifying high rates of gambling in prison and showing that prisoners’ perceptions of gambling are as a normal part of prison life. They also suggest that screening and support should be available to manage gambling in prison, including support to reduce gambling-related debt, particularly given associations between debt and violence in prison. Relief from boredom and need for excitement were among the most common reasons for gambling in prison, indicating that there is a need to provide a more appropriately stimulating prison environment.
FCRG member, Rachael Mason (lead author), in collaboration with FCRG members Michelle Smith, Dr Tochs Onwuegbusi,and Prof Amanda Roberts, have published a new paper entitled “New Psychoactive Substances and violence within a UK prison setting“.
The paper reports a study examining the use of New Psychoactive Substances (NPS) and its association with violence within a sample of 158 men residing in a category C prison. During their current sentence, 23% reported NPS use, while 11% reported using “traditional substances” (TD), 23% reported using both, and 43% reported no substances. More participants used NPS exclusively than participants using TD exclusively. Further, the odds of violence against other prisoners, staff, and property were higher for NPS users, who were also more likely to be impulsive. The authors conclude that NPS was prevalent within the prison and impacted on levels of violence, influenced by impulsivity. These findings emphasise the need for tailored treatment and prevention initiatives for NPS users.
FCRG member, Dr Georgina Gous, has recently lpublished a new paper entitled “The effects of witness mental illness and use of special measures in court on individual mock juror decision-making” in Psychology, Crime, and Law.
The paper reports a study using 204 members of the general public and student population who reported their attitudes towards mental illness before reading a mock trial vignette that differed in terms of witness mental illness (depression, schizophrenia, no mental illness) and the special measure used in court (screen, intermediary, no special measure). Following this, participants formulated judgments about the witness testimony provided (reliability, competency, credibility) and their likelihood of finding the defendant guilty. Results indicated that witnesses with depression were perceived as more competent than those with schizophrenia or no mental illness. Witnesses with depression were also perceived as being more competent than those with schizophrenia when a screen measure was used in court. The authors conclude that some awareness of these biases is needed in court, which may be aided by improving clarity about why special measures are used in court.
Ross Bartels has published a co-authored a paper in the Journal of Sexual Aggression with graduated MSc student Cheye Willis. The study examines whether the phenomenology of sexual fantasies (arousal, vividness, absorption) is related to motivation to enact the fantasy, as well as whether the plausibility of sexual fantasy (both paraphilic and non-paraphilic) is associated with sexual fantasising and past enactment of the behaviour.
Abstract
This study examined whether the phenomenology (vividness, absorption, sexual arousal) and plausibility of sexual fantasies are associated with behavioural motivation and enactment. An online sample (N = 254) completed a working memory capacity (WMC) questionnaire. They then envisioned an unenacted sexual fantasy and rated its phenomenological characteristics and their motivation to enact it. Next, a questionnaire measuring deliberate sexual fantasising, spontaneous sexual thoughts, behavioural enactment, and content plausibility was completed. Phenomenological characteristics were unrelated to WMC, but positively associated with motivation. Deliberate fantasising was associated with behavioural enactment for both non-paraphilic and paraphilic content. Spontaneous thoughts were associated with the plausibility of non-paraphilic and paraphilic content, while deliberate fantasising was only associated with plausible non-paraphilic content. Plausibility mediated the relationship between sexual thinking and behaviour for both types of content. The results suggest that the phenomenology and plausibility of sexual fantasises are important factors for understanding the sexual fantasy-behaviour link.
In May, Elizabeth Deehan (PhD student), along with Ross Bartels, published a new qualitative study examining somnophilia and dormaphilia in the Sexual Abuse journal.
Somnophilia is an under-researched paraphilia. Consequently, there are discrepancies in its definition and conceptual understanding. Also, literature regarding the sexual interest in being asleep during sexual activity (dormaphilia) is even more limited. As such, there is a need to understand these paraphilias more deeply. This study recruited 232 participants online to discuss the content, origin, sexual appeal, emotional appraisal, and behavioural enactment of their somnophilic and dormaphilic interests and fantasies. A Thematic Analysis led to the identification of four main themes: (1) Relevance of Sleep State; (2) Roles within Sleep Sex; (3) Enactment of Sleep Paraphilia and (4) Lack of Consent and Awareness. These four themes spanned across both those reporting somnophilic and dormaphilic fantasies. The Discussion explores the multi-faceted nature of the interests, and implications for the understanding of somnophilia and dormaphilia. This study provides the first qualitative exploration of sleep-related paraphilias, opening avenues for future research and practice.
